Incineration Norms and Government Authority — Canada (2025)

Incineration Norms

  • Canada regulates incineration of municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, medical waste and sewage sludge at both federal and provincial levels.
  • Key National Emission Standards (Canada-wide Standards for Dioxins and Furans):
    • Municipal waste, medical waste, and hazardous waste incinerators (facilities >26tonnes/year): 80pg I-TEQ/m³ for dioxins and furans emissions.
    • Sewage sludge incinerators: 100pg I-TEQ/m³.
    • These limits apply to both new and existing facilities and are confirmed by annual stack testing.
  • In addition, provinces may set more stringent requirements for air pollutants and facility operation.
  • For shipboard incinerators in Canadian waters, shipboard incineration must comply with MARPOL Annex VI, forbidding most incineration in port and requiring hazardous ash to be disposed of at licensed facilities.
  • Ontario has banned sending organic waste to landfills or incinerators starting in 2025.

Governing and Monitoring Authorities

  • Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC): Main federal authority for air, waste emissions, and climate policy oversight, including incinerator regulation and standard setting.
  • Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME): Intergovernmental body that develops Canada-wide environmental standards, such as for dioxins and furans.
  • Each province/territory also has its own environmental ministry or agency that licenses, inspects, and monitors incinerators.
  • For radioactive waste incineration, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) oversees licensing and safety.

Key Legislation

  • Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA): Provides legal foundation for air contaminant and waste emission standards, including those for incinerators.
  • Provincial environmental protection acts and regulations: Detail specific incinerator siting, permitting, air emission, and operational requirements.
  • Canada-wide Standards for Dioxins and Furans (CCME): Main emissions standard for waste incinerators.
  • Nuclear Safety and Control Act: Governs radioactive waste incineration oversight by CNSC.

Provincial / Territorial Authorities (Pollution Control & Environment Ministries)

  • Alberta – Alberta Environment and Protected Areas (AEPA)
  • British Columbia – British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy
  • Manitoba – Manitoba Environment and Climate Change
  • New Brunswick – New Brunswick Department of Environment and Local Government
  • Newfoundland and Labrador – Department of Environment and Climate Change
  • Nova Scotia – Nova Scotia Environment and Climate Change
  • Ontario – Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP)
  • Prince Edward Island – Department of Environment, Energy and Climate Action
  • Québec – Ministère de l’Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs (MELCCFP)
  • Saskatchewan – Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment
  • Northwest Territories – Environment and Climate Change Division (Government of Northwest Territories)
  • Nunavut – Department of Environment (Government of Nunavut)
  • Yukon – Yukon Environment

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