Incineration Norms and Government Authority — Egypt (2025)

Incineration Norms

  • Egypt promotes waste-to-energy (WtE) projects under a regulatory framework established by Decree No. 41 of 2019, supporting electricity generation from municipal waste and biogas.
  • The Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) rates include EGP 1.4/kWh for energy generated from municipal solid waste and biogas, and EGP 1.03/kWh for energy from sewage sludge.
  • Permitted WtE project capacities range from 500 kW to 20 MW, supporting grid connection and energy supply agreements for up to 25 years.
  • Egypt enforces limits for emissions from incinerators, with a maximum dioxins/furans stack concentration of 0.1 ng TEQ/Nm³ as required by national environmental regulations.
  • Medical and hazardous waste must be incinerated in appropriately equipped incinerators to prevent dispersal of contaminants, with sealed transport containers mandated for inter-facility transfer.
  • The Environmental Law (Law No. 4/1994) and its executive regulations prohibit open burning and unlicensed hazardous waste disposal or transport.

Governing and Monitoring Authorities

  • Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA): The primary regulatory body for environmental protection including permitting, supervision, and compliance monitoring of waste treatment facilities.
  • Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy: Coordinates WtE project approvals and supports power purchase agreements under FiT schemes.
  • Governorates: Regional authorities responsible for supplying waste for WtE projects and implementing local waste management policy.
  • Ministry of Health: Oversees healthcare waste incinerator management and enforcement.

Key Legislation & Standards

  • Decree No. 41 of 2019: Establishes regulatory framework and FiT rates for Waste-to-Energy projects.
  • Law No. 4 of 1994 (Environmental Law): The foundational environmental protection statute including provisions on waste handling and burning.
  • Executive Regulations to Law 4/1994: Specify detailed technical and emission limits for incinerators.
  • Law No. 202 of 2020 (Waste Management Law): Modernizes waste management, including collection, transport, and treatment.
  • Commitment under the Stockholm Convention to reduce Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) like dioxins and furans from waste incineration.

This overview presents Egypt’s current waste incineration norms, regulatory authorities, emission standards, and governing legislation relevant for 2025.

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