Incineration Norms and Government Authority — Lebanon (2025)

Incineration Norms

  • Lebanon faces a serious environmental challenge due to widespread open dumping and burning of waste, which releases toxic pollutants including dioxins into the air.
  • Open burning of waste is prohibited under article 24 of Law No. 444/2002 and Law No. 64/1988, which prohibit emission of pollutants and creation of toxic waste without proper handling.
  • The government lacks comprehensive modern municipal incineration infrastructure; most waste is irregularly disposed or burned openly.
  • Medical and hazardous waste incinerators exist but often do not meet best practices; efforts are ongoing to modernize and relocate facilities.
  • Emission limits for mercury are set at 0.2 mg/m³, with other pollutants controlled by Ministerial Decision 8/1 (2001).
  • Widespread lack of monitoring and enforcement impair effective control of incineration and burning emissions.

Governing and Monitoring Authorities

  • Ministry of Environment: Responsible for environmental policy, enforcement, and monitoring of waste management including incineration and burning of waste.
  • Local municipalities: Responsible for collection and waste management within their jurisdictions with limited capacities.
  • International partners: UNDP, World Bank, WHO, and others support capacity building, infrastructure development, and pollution reduction programs.

Key Legislation & Standards

  • Law No. 444/2002 and Law No. 64/1988 regulate pollution emissions and toxic waste handling, prohibiting open burning and uncontrolled disposal.
  • Ministerial Decision 8/1 (2001) sets emission limits for hazardous waste incineration including mercury and other pollutants.
  • National Solid Waste Roadmap (2023–2026) and draft Integrated Solid Waste Management Strategy promote sustainable waste treatments and reduction of UPOPs emissions from burning.
  • Lebanon is a party to international conventions, including the Basel and Stockholm Conventions, guiding hazardous waste and POPs management.

Additional Notes

  • Open burning remains a significant environmental and health problem due to lack of infrastructure and enforcement.
  • Governance challenges include inadequate resources in the Ministry of Environment, limiting effective monitoring and enforcement of waste burning bans.
  • Recent international aid programs target improved municipal solid waste management, capacity building, and reduction of emissions from waste burning.
  • Lebanon’s government plans to adopt a comprehensive national waste policy to improve integrated waste management and phase out open burning.

This summary reflects Lebanon's current waste incineration challenges including open burning, limited infrastructure, legal framework protecting against pollution emissions, relevant government authorities, and ongoing international support programs as of 2025.

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